The use of artificial intelligence (AI) is exacerbating the threat of terrorism. Terrorist groups could leverage this technology to launch drone attacks in Britain and potentially create deadly pathogens to cause mass casualties and spread disease. Sir Ken McCallum, the head of Britain’s domestic intelligence agency, MI5, issued this warning.
In his annual address, he noted that terrorists are attempting to enhance their capabilities for attack planning and evading surveillance by using AI. MI5 has already identified terrorists who were planning attacks in Britain using AI-enabled drones.
The intelligence agency fears that terrorist groups may draw inspiration from the extensive use of drone technology on the battlefield in Ukraine. In the Ukraine conflict, attacks are being carried out using drones operated from locations far removed from enemy defensive positions. McCallum warned that similar technology could be employed in terrorist attacks within Britain.
He stated that AI is intensifying the cyber-security battle between attackers and defenders. The technology can also be used to create materials for targeted propaganda and to incite radicalization.
The risk of AI in creating deadly pathogens
According to the MI5 chief, one of the most alarming aspects of AI misuse is its potential application in the creation of chemical, biological, and radiological weapons. There is particular concern regarding the use of this technology to engineer novel pathogens.
He said, “While not yet seen in practice, I would prioritize the risk of AI misuse that could alter the threat landscape regarding existing or new biological weapons. These risks are real.”
He added that for the past 25 years, terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda have sought to acquire the capability to produce chemical, biological, or radiological weapons. However, it has not been easy for them. Now, due to AI, there is a risk that dangerous knowledge could fall into the hands of individuals who should not possess it.
McCallum further stated that careful consideration must be given to the potential use of AI in creating novel pathogens never seen before. MI5 is working with various partners, both within the UK and internationally, to address these risks.
McCallum also warned of the threat of indirect attacks originating from Iran, alongside Russia. According to him, Tehran seeks to acquire the capability to strike highly secure targets, such as military installations.
He noted that over 50 individuals linked to Iran have been arrested in the UK in the past 12 months. However, he still identified Russia as the primary aggressor.
In his words, the Kremlin, under Vladimir Putin’s leadership, continues to exert pressure and engage in intimidation against the UK and its allies in the context of the war in Ukraine.
Alongside the threat of Chinese espionage, McCallum also warned of a significant rise in far-right terrorism.
